Affiliation:
1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 China
2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
3. National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
Abstract
AbstractThe air electrode is an essential component of air‐demanding energy storage/conversion devices, such as zinc–air batteries (ZABs) and hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs), which determines the output power and stability of the devices. Despite atom‐level modulation in catalyst design being recently achieved, the air electrodes have received much less attention, causing a stagnation in the development of air‐demanding equipment. Herein, the evolution of air electrodes for ZABs and HFCs from the early stages to current requirements is reviewed. In addition, the operation mechanism and the corresponding electrocatalytic mechanisms of ZABs are summarized. In particular, by clarifying the air electrode interfaces of ZABs at different scales, several approaches to improve the air electrode in rechargeable ZABs are reviewed, including innovative electrode structures and bifunctional oxygen catalysts. Afterward, the operating mechanisms of proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and anion‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are explained. Subsequently, the strategies employed to enhance the efficiency of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in PEMFCs and AEMFCs, respectively, are highlighted and discussed in detail. Last, the prospects for air electrodes in ZABs and HFCs are considered by discussing the main challenges. The aim of this review is to facilitate the industrialization of ZABs and HFCs.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province
Subject
Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,General Materials Science
Cited by
1 articles.
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