The appendicular skeleton of the enigmatic shark Leptocharias smithii in comparison with other sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes (Elasmobranchii: Leptochariidae)

Author:

Capretz Batista Da Silva João Paulo1ORCID,Medeiros Jade1ORCID,Araújo Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves1ORCID,Lima Danilo Pinto1ORCID,Mianutti Laura Franco1ORCID,Mafaldo Henrique1ORCID,De Lima Arthur2ORCID,Naylor Gavin J. P.3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil

2. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil

3. Florida Program for Shark Research, Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

Abstract

AbstractLeptocharias smithii has been poorly explored in anatomical terms. This species bears a mosaic of morphological characters and is considered to represent an intermediate condition between other carcharhiniform clades. In the present paper, the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of the species is thoroughly investigated and compared with other representatives of the order Carcharhiniformes. Leptocharias bears exclusive characteristics, such as the visible separation of the pro‐ and mesopterygia but it also has an aplesodic pectoral fin, a condition shared with carcharhiniforms placed at the base of the phylogenetic tree and at the same time a chevron‐shaped coracoid bar, a condition characteristic of charcharhiniforms placed at the apex of the phylogenetic tree. Additionally, in an attempt to understand the evolution of its appendicular skeleton and of other carcharhiniforms, 20 characters of the paired fins and girdles are explored and discussed in light of two recent phylogenetic hypotheses. Most of these characters were not previously explored and support not only the monophyly of Carcharhiniformes, such as the mesopterygium overlapping the metapterygium in ventral view, but also the monophyly of the less inclusive clade Hemigaleidae + (Galeocerdonidae + (Carcharhinidae+Sphyrnidae)), such as the morphology and arrangement of the distal radials, which are pointed and spaced.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Wiley

Reference25 articles.

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