HAGLR, stabilized by m6A modification, triggers PTEN‐Akt signaling cascade‐mediated RPE cell pyroptosis via sponging miR‐106b‐5p

Abstract

AbstractConsistent hyperglycaemia on retinal microvascular tissues is recognized as a vital inducer of diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. In view of the essential functionality of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in multiple human diseases, we aim to figure out the exact role and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA HOXD Cluster Antisense RNA 1 (HAGLR) in DR pathogenesis. Serum specimens from patients with proliferative DR and healthy volunteers were collected for measuring HAGLR levels. Human primary retinal pigment epithelium (HRPE) cells kept in high glucose (HG) condition were applied to simulating hyperglycaemia of DR pathology in vitro. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, either pyroptosis was assess using Cell Counting Kit‐8 TUNEL, flow cytometry, and enzyme‐linked immunoassay assays. Bioinformatics analysis was subjected to examine the interaction between HAGLR and N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐bind protein IGF2BP2, as determined using RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to assess the HAGLR‐miR‐106b‐5p‐PTEN axis. Levels of pyroptosis‐associated biomarkers were detected using western blotting. Aberrantly overexpressed HAGLR was uncovered in the serum samples of DR patients and HG‐induced HRPE cells, of which knockdown attenuated HG‐induced cytotoxic impacts on cell apoptosis and pyroptosis. Whereas, reinforced HAGLR further aggravated these effects. IGF2BP2 positively regulated HAGLR in a m6A‐dependent manner. HAGLR served as a sponge for miR‐106b‐5p to upregulate PTEN, thereby activating Akt signaling cascade. Rescue assays demonstrated that PTEN overexpression abolished the inhibition of silenced HAGLR on pyroptosis in HRPE cells. HAGLR, epigenetically modified by IGF2BP2 in an m6A‐dependent manner, functioned as a sponge for miR‐106b‐5p, thereby activating PTEN/Akt signaling cascade to accelerate DR pathology.