Left Ventricular Vortex Characteristics in Fetuses With Coarctation of the Aorta by Blood Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to assess the vortex characteristics of left ventricle (LV) in fetuses with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) using high–frame rate ultrasound with blood speckle‐tracking (BST) and explore its relationships with cardiac function and morphology parameters.MethodsThirty fetuses with CoA and 30 gestational‐age matched normal fetuses were included in this cross‐sectional study. The area, length, width, and position of the vortex in the LV were recorded and quantitatively analyzed by BST echocardiography. The associations of vortex properties with ventricular function and morphology were also determined.ResultsBased on BST imaging, the LV vortex can be observed in 93% of the fetuses. The fetuses with CoA exhibited significantly larger and wider vortex than the controls (P < .05). Linear regression analysis indicated that vortex area was positively related to sphericity index of LV as well as isovolumic relaxation time (r = .52, P = .003 and r = .42, P = .021). There was a negative correlation between vortex area and mitral valve size (r = −.443, P = .014). No significant association was found between vortex area and myocardial performance index and aortic isthmus size.ConclusionsIt is feasible to quantitatively evaluate the left ventricular vortex in fetuses by BST. The fetuses with CoA exhibited greater vortex area and width, and the altered vortex property is associated with geometry of LV. This will facilitate our comprehension of the unique flow patterns and early cardiac remodeling in fetuses with CoA.