Affiliation:
1. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
2. College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen 361021 China
3. Shen Zhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518057 China
Abstract
AbstractOwing to their long absorption wavelengths, high molar absorptivity, and tunable photosensitivity, phthalocyanines have been widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, phthalocyanines still face the drawbacks of poor targeting, “always‐on” photosensitizing properties, and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency, which limit their wide applications in biomedical fields. Thus, new design strategies such as modification of targeting molecules, formation of nanoparticles, and activating photosensitizers are developed to improve the above defects. Notably, recent studies have shown that novel phthalocyanines are not only used in fluorescence imaging and PDT, but also in photoacoustic imaging, photothermal imaging, sonodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy. This review focuses on recent design strategies, applications in biomedicine, and clinical development of phthalocyanines, providing ideas and references for the design and application of phthalocyanine, so as to promote their future transformation into clinical applications.
Funder
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Subject
Pharmaceutical Science,Biomedical Engineering,Biomaterials
Cited by
7 articles.
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