Three‐Dimensional (3D) Breath‐Hold Zoomed MR Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): Evaluation of Additive Value to Conventional 3D Navigator Triggering MRCP in Patients With Branch Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms

Abstract

BackgroundTo resolve drawbacks of navigator triggering (NT) three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), several approaches were proposed to obtain 3D MRCP within a single breath‐hold (BH). However, reduced field‐of‐view technique in the phase‐encoding direction combined with two‐dimensional spatially selective radiofrequency excitation pulses has not yet been applied to 3D BH MRCP.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility and the complementary value of 3D BH zoomed MRCP to conventional 3D NT MRCP in patients with branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD‐IPMNs) of the pancreas.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 221 patients (116 male and 105 female, median age 73 years) with BD‐IPMNs.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T/3D turbo spin echoAssessmentMR images were analyzed by three radiologists (R.M., H.O., M.T., with 1, 13, and 17 years of experience) to compare blurring and motion artifacts, background suppression, visualization of main pancreatic duct (MPD), conspicuity of BD‐IPMN, and overall image quality.Statistical TestsWilcoxon‐signed rank, Mann–Whitney U, chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests (P < 0.05).ResultsImage quality was significantly higher on 3D NT MRCP images than on 3D BH zoomed MRCP (median (interquartile range); background suppression, 4 (4–4) vs. 3 (3–4); visualization of MPD, 4 (3–4) vs. 4 (3–4), conspicuity of BD‐IPMN, 4 (3–4) vs. 3 (3–4); and overall image quality, 3 (3–4) vs. 3 (3‐3)). However, in 32 (14%) patients, 3D NT MRCP showed a score of 1 or 2 in overall image quality. Regarding the conspicuity of BD‐IPMN, a conspicuity score of 1 or 2 was rendered in 31 (14%) patients in 3D NT MRCP group. Conversely, 3D BH zoomed MRCP showed a score of 3 or 4 in 29 (94%) of these 31 patients.Data Conclusion3D BH zoomed MRCP plays a complementary role to 3D NT MRCP, and may improve the conspicuity of BD‐IPMNs in patients with irregular breathing pattern.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 2