1. Department of Medical‐Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
2. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
3. School of Nursing University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA
4. Department of Psychology Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
5. Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran