Affiliation:
1. Department of Medical Physics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
2. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
3. Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd 9453155166 Iran
4. Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine School of Medicine North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd 9414974877 Iran
5. Cellular and Molecular Research Center Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
6. Department of Medical Biochemistry Institute of Health Sciences Ege University İzmir 35100 Turkey
7. Cellular and Molecular Research Center Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
8. Pharmacology Research Center Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan 9816743463 Iran
9. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
Abstract
AbstractThere has been a significant shift in the perception of hypertension as an important contributor to the global disease burden. Approximately 6 % and 8 % of pregnancies are affected by hypertension, which can adversely affect the mother and the fetus. Furthermore, a hypertensive individual is at increased risk of developing kidney disease, arterial hardening, eye damage, and strokes. Using angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is widespread in treating hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Despite this, some ARBs have limited use due to their poor oral bioavailability and water solubility. To tackle this, a variety of nanoparticle (NP)‐based systems, such as polymeric NPs (i. e., dendrimers), polymeric micelles, polymer‐drug conjugates, lipid NPs, nanoemulsions, self‐emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid NPs (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), carbon‐based nanocarriers, inorganic NPs, and nanocrystals, have been recently developed for efficient delivery of losartan, Valsartan (Val), Olmesartan (OLM), Telmisartan (TEL), Candesartan, Eprosartan, Irbesartan, and Azilsartan to target cells. This review article provides a literature‐based comparison of the various classes of ARBs, their mechanisms of action, and an overview of the nanoformulations developed for ARB delivery and successfully applied to managing hypertension, diabetic complications, and other conditions.
Subject
Molecular Biology,Molecular Medicine,General Chemistry,Biochemistry,General Medicine,Bioengineering