Climate Change Risks to Freshwater Subsistence Fisheries in Arctic Alaska: Insights and Uncertainty from Broad Whitefish Coregonus nasus

Author:

Leppi Jason C.12ORCID,Rinella Daniel J.3ORCID,Wipfli Mark S.4ORCID,Liljedahl Anna K.56ORCID,Seitz Andrew C.7ORCID,Falke Jeffrey A.8ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks 2140 Koyukuk Drive Fairbanks AK

2. The Wilderness Society Anchorage AK

3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Field Conservation Office Anchorage AK

4. U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks (retired) Fairbanks AK

5. Woodwell Climate Research Center Falmouth MA

6. Water and Environmental Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK

7. College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK

8. U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK

Abstract

Arctic freshwater ecosystems and fish populations are largely shaped by seasonal and long‐term watershed hydrology. In this paper, we hypothesize how changing air temperature and precipitation will alter freeze and thaw processes, hydrology, and instream habitat to assess potential indirect effects, such as the change to the foraging and behavioral ecology, on Arctic fishes, using Broad Whitefish Coregonus nasus as an indicator species. Climate change is expected to continue to alter hydrologic pathways, flow regimes, and, therefore, habitat suitability, connectivity, and availability for fishes. Warming and lengthening of the growing season will likely increase fish growth rates; however, the exceedance of threshold stream temperatures will likely increase physiological stress and alter life histories. We expect these changes to have mixed effects on Arctic subsistence fishes and fisheries. Management and conservation approaches focused on preserving the processes that create heterogeneity in aquatic habitats, genes, and communities will help maintain the resilience of Broad Whitefish and other important subsistence fisheries. Long‐term effects are uncertain, so filling scientific knowledge gaps, such as identifying important habitats or increasing knowledge of abiotic variables in priority watersheds, is key to understanding and potentially mitigating likely impacts to Arctic fishes in a rapidly changing landscape.

Funder

National Science Foundation

U.S. Bureau of Land Management

U.S. Geological Survey

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Nature and Landscape Conservation,Aquatic Science

Reference130 articles.

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