Affiliation:
1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair School of Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
2. Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
3. Department of Nursing Union Hospital Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou 350001 China
4. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou 350001 China
Abstract
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. EVs derived from various origins exhibit distinct effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the application of native EVs is constrained due to their poor stabilities and limited targeting capabilities. Currently, targeted modification of EVs primarily involves genetic engineering, chemical modification (covalent, non‐covalent), cell membrane modification, and biomaterial encapsulation. These techniques enhance the stability, biological activity, target‐binding capacity, and controlled release of EVs at specific cells and tissues. The diverse origins of cardioprotective EVs are covered, and the applications of cardiac‐targeting EV delivery systems in protecting against cardiovascular diseases are discussed. This review summarizes the current stage of research on the potential of EV‐based targeted therapies for addressing cardiovascular disorders.
Funder
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
National Natural Science Foundation of China