Outcomes of public concern in schizophrenia

Abstract

BackgroundSchizophrenia is known to be associated with a range of adverse outcomes, which have an impact at the societal level and are therefore of public concernAimsTo examine the epidemiology and methods for measuring six adverse outcomes in schizophrenia: violence, victimisation, suicide/self-harm, substance use, homelessness and unemploymentMethodAreview of the literature was carried out for each adverse outcome, with attention to critical appraisal of existing measurement toolsResultsSchizophrenia is associated strongly with all six outcomes, although research has mainly focused on violence. Each outcome acts as a risk factor for at least some of the other outcomes. There are few standardised or validated measures for these'hard' outcomes. Each measure has inherent biases but a growing trend is for these to be minimised by using multiple measuresConclusionsAsingle instrument which systematically measures multiple societal outcomes of schizophrenia would be extremely useful for both clinical and research purposes