A Controlled Study of Polarization in Depression

Abstract

In 1964 Lippold and Redfearn described the mental changes induced by the passage of small positive and negative polarizing Currents through the human brain in volunteer patients. They further reported the clinical effects of polarizing the brain in 29 patients with long standing depression (Redfearn et al., 1964), and they also conducted a controlled trial of polarization in depressive illness (Costain et al., 1964). When the head was positive to the leg, an elevation of mood was said to follow, while the reverse was the case with a negative head electrode. In the uncontrolled trial of long standing depressives, 13 were said to show clinical improvement of the 24 who were considered to be adequately treated. In the controlled trial a significant therapeutic effect was rated by both doctors and nurses. Sheffield and Mowbray (1968), using normal human subjects, failed to validate the mood changes said to follow positive and negative polarization. Lifshitz and Harper (1968) found no appreciable effect of polarization in five chronic male schizophrenic patients studied over 14 weeks. The following study was designed to replicate the double blind trial on depressed patients.