The impact of robotic surgery access on the management of patients with clinical stage I kidney tumors at Canadian academic centers

Abstract

Introduction: Robotic surgery is used in the treatment of kidney tumors. We aimed to determine if robotic access was associated with initial choice of management for patients with a clinical stage I kidney mass. Methods: Patients with a clinical stage I kidney mass were identified from the Canadian Kidney Cancer information system (CKCis) cohort. Sites were classified by year and access to robotic surgery. Associations between robotic access and initial management were determined using logistic regression. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed, adjusting for tumor size and stage, and presented as relative risks (RR) or adjusted RR (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Overall, 4160 patients were included. Among patients treated with surgery, the proportion of partial nephrectomy, compared to radical nephrectomy, was significantly higher in robotic sites (77.3% for robotic sites vs. 65.9% for non-robotic sites; RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12–1.23, p<0.0001; aRR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08–1.17, p<0.0001). Patients receiving partial nephrectomy at sites with robotic access were more likely to receive a minimally invasive approach compared to patients at non-robotic sites (61.4% vs. 50.9%, RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12–1.30; aRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08–1.25, p<0.0001). The proportion of patients managed by active surveillance was not significantly different between robotic 405 (16.9%) and non-robotic 258 (14.7%) sites (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.99–1.32; aRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84–1.12). Conclusions: Access to robotic kidney surgery was associated with increased use of partial nephrectomy and minimally invasive partial nephrectomy. Use of active surveillance was similar at robotic and non-robotic institutions. Limitations of this study include lack of data on perioperative complications and cancer recurrence.