Acute Pancreatitis in Pregnancy: A Ten-Year Noninterventional, Retrospective Cohort Experience

Abstract

Background. The study is aimed at evaluating the clinical attributes, types, and risk factors associated with poor outcomes in women with acute pancreatitis (AP) during pregnancy. Methods. From 2011 to 2020, 45 antenatal mothers with AP were included in this noninterventional, retrospective study. The correlation between etiology of AP, its severity, biochemical parameters, length of stay, and treatment was analyzed. Based on the presence of organ failure and systemic complications, the severity of AP was classified according to the revised Atlantic criteria. Results. In total, 19 (42.2%), 15 (33.3%), and 11 (24.2%) patients had mild AP (MAP), moderately severe AP (MSAP), and severe AP (SAP), respectively. The major cause of AP in these patients was hypertriglyceridemia (26.6%), while only 2 (4.44%) suffered from biliary pancreatitis. The median length of stay at hospital was significantly longer in patients with SAP ( $P=0.034$ ), and these patients had significantly higher triglycerides and total cholesterol levels when compared to MAP and MSAP. It was observed that levels of liver function enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase serum levels and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels were significantly higher in patients who stayed in hospital for >13 days. The presence of hypertriglyceridemia significantly increased the duration of stay (>13 days, $P=0.04$ ) and induced SAP ( $P=0.001$ ). Majority of patients with SAP received blood purification than those with MAP and MSAP ( $P<0.001$ ). Conclusion. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with AP during pregnancy in our study. Early diagnosis of AP and assessment of its severity are very important for the general management of this disease.