Clinical Pharmacology ofCitrus aurantiumandCitrus sinensisfor the Treatment of Anxiety

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this review is to analyze preclinical and clinical studies investigating the anxiety effects ofCitrus aurantiumorCitrus sinensisessential oils (EOs).Design. The bibliographic research was made on the major scientific databases. Analysis included only articles written in English and published on peer-reviewed scientific journals describing preclinical experiments and clinical trials carried out to investigate the antianxiety effects ofCitrus aurantium or Citrus sinensisEOs on anxiety disorders. Clinical studies reporting the antianxiety effects of products containingCitrus aurantiumorCitrus sinensisEOs in combination with other active substances, including medicinal plants, were excluded. Nine clinical studies fulfilled the criteria adopted for analysis.Results. Data show thatCitrus aurantiumorCitrus sinensisEOs produce anxiolytic effects both in preclinical experiments and in different clinical conditions.Citrus aurantiumEO aromatherapy reduced anxiety level in the great part of stress conditions studied (subjects affected by chronic myeloid leukemia and preoperative patients) except for a sample of patients subjected to colonoscopy. Exposition toCitrus sinensisEO in clinical studies shows to be positive in reducing anxiety level in patients waiting for dental treatment as well as in healthy volunteers submitted to an anxiogenic situation.Conclusions. Overview of clinical trials conducted withCitrus aurantiumorCitrus sinensison people with anxiety showed that inhalation or oral administration ofCitrus aurantiumand inhalation ofCitrus sinensiscan exert beneficial effects on anxiety; however, because of incomplete accuracy in the reporting of methodology, further more complete clinical studies are warranted.