Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Improves Subnetwork Interactions in Parkinson’s Disease

Author:

Liu Aiping1ORCID,Bi Huiling1ORCID,Li Yu1ORCID,Lee Soojin23,Cai Jiayue3,Mi Taomian4,Garg Saurabh3,Kim Jowon L.3,Zhu Maria3,Chen Xun5ORCID,Wang Z. Jane6,McKeown Martin J.367

Affiliation:

1. School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

2. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

3. Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada

4. Department of Neurology, Neurobiology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China

5. Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

6. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

7. Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Abstract

Background. Activating vestibular afferents via galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has been recently shown to have a number of complex motor effects in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the basis of these improvements is unclear. The evaluation of network-level connectivity changes may provide us with greater insights into the mechanisms of GVS efficacy. Objective. To test the effects of different GVS stimuli on brain subnetwork interactions in both health control (HC) and PD groups using fMRI. Methods. FMRI data were collected for all participants at baseline (resting state) and under noisy, 1 Hz sinusoidal, and 70-200 Hz multisine GVS. All stimuli were given below sensory threshold, blinding subjects to stimulation. The subnetworks of 15 healthy controls and 27 PD subjects (on medication) were identified in their native space, and their subnetwork interactions were estimated by nonnegative canonical correlation analysis. We then determined if the inferred subnetwork interaction changes were affected by disease and stimulus type and if the stimulus-dependent GVS effects were influenced by demographic features. Results. At baseline, interactions with the visual-cerebellar network were significantly decreased in the PD group. Sinusoidal and multisine GVS improved (i.e., made values approaching those seen in HC) subnetwork interactions more effectively than noisy GVS stimuli overall. Worsening disease severity, apathy, depression, impaired cognitive function, and increasing age all limited the beneficial effects of GVS. Conclusions. Vestibular stimulation has widespread system-level brain influences and can improve subnetwork interactions in PD in a stimulus-dependent manner, with the magnitude of such effects associating with demographics and disease status.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Health Informatics,Biomedical Engineering,Surgery,Biotechnology

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