Incidence Trends of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Medication-Induced Diabetes, and Monogenic Diabetes in Canadian Children, Then (2006–2008) and Now (2017–2019)

Author:

Patel Trisha J.1ORCID,Ayub Aysha2,Bone Jeffrey N.2,Hadjiyannakis Stasia3,Henderson Mélanie4ORCID,Nour Munier A.5,Pinto Teresa E.6,Wicklow Brandy7,Hamilton Jill K.8,Sellers Elizabeth A. C.7,Amed Shazhan12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada

2. BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada

3. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario and University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada

4. Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada

5. Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Administration Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada

6. Dalhousie University and IWK Health, 6299 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada

7. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada

8. Department of Paediatrics Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada

Abstract

Introduction. The landscape of childhood diabetes has evolved and addressing the knowledge gaps in non-Type 1 diabetes mellitus are key to accurate diagnosis. Objectives. A national surveillance study was completed between 2006 and 2008 and then repeated between 2017 and 2019 to describe Canadian incidence trends and clinical characteristics of non-Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods. We prospectively tracked new cases of non-Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children <18 years of age between June 1, 2017 and May 31, 2019. For each reported new case, a detailed questionnaire was completed, and cases were classified as Type 2 diabetes mellitus, medication-induced diabetes (MID), monogenic diabetes, or “indeterminate.” Minimum incidence rates and 10-year incidence trends of non-Type 1 diabetes mellitus and its subtypes were calculated. Results. 441 cases of non-Type 1 diabetes mellitus were included (Type 2 diabetes mellitus = 332; MID = 52; monogenic diabetes = 30; indeterminate = 27). Compared to 10 years ago, the incidence of MID and monogenic diabetes remained stable, while Type 2 diabetes mellitus increased by 60% ( p < 0.001 ) overall and by 37% ( p = 0.005 ) and 50% ( p = 0.001 ) in females and males, respectively. Type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence increased by 1.5 times in Indigenous ( p < 0.001 ) and doubled in Asian ( p = 0.003 ) children. Conclusions. Canadian incidence rates of childhood-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus have significantly increased. Further research, policy, and prevention efforts are needed to curb rising rates of youth onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Funder

Public Health Agency of Canada

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health,Internal Medicine

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