Microbiota and Gut Health: Promising Prospects for Clinical Trials from Bench to Bedside

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease characterized by weight loss, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. The number of affected patients has increased in recent years. Despite the fact that scientists have been studying the pathogenesis of IBD for many years, the specific pathogenesis pathway remains unclear. As a result, none of the therapeutic approaches can cure IBD patients completely. However, the increasing research factors associated with the incidence of IBD are reasonable. These variables can be divided into two categories: microbiome-related factors (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) and nonmicrobiome-related factors (diet, gene, host immune system, gender, and ethnicity). Surprisingly, we found that all the variables impact the gut flora in IBD patients, either directly or indirectly. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota eventually leads to an increase in the incidence of IBD. As a result, therapeutic targets focusing on correcting dysbiosis in the gut microbiome, including using probiotics and postbiotics, could become one of the most promising IBD treatments in the future. We went through each linked factor and explained how they contribute to an increased risk of IBD. We will review some existing conventional therapies for IBD before moving on to a revolutionary therapy strategy that employs prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to treat IBD based on the criteria stated. Furthermore, different persons have varying reactions to the same probiotic strain. As a result, we also provide the option of having individualized probiotic medication tailored to each IBD patient.