Lentinan Enhances the Function of Oxaliplatin on the Esophageal Tumors by Persuading Immunogenic Cell Death

Abstract

Objective. The focus of this research was to look at the effects of the combination of the lentinan (LNT) and oxaliplatin (Oxa) on the apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cells, as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods. LNT and Oxa were used to treat EC-109 human esophageal cancerous cells at various doses, and the cell survival rate was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. In addition, 24 h after treatment of EC-109 cells with a combination of LNT and Oxa, flow cytometry was used to analyze their apoptotic effect on these cells. Additionally, LNT on EC-109 cell apoptotic upshot was assessed via measuring the consequence of LNT on the mRNA and protein expression levels pertaining to immunogenic cell death factors CALR, HSP90, and HSP70 by qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and western blot analysis, correspondingly. Results. Cell proliferation was inhibited only when EC-109 cells were added with LNT at 1,200 μg/mL to the maximum concentrations, but the combination of LNT and Oxa at a low dose (800 μg/mL and 20 μM, respectively) significantly increased their sensitivity to Oxa and reduced their proliferation ( $P<0.05$ ), and their apoptosis was significantly increased by LNT ( $P<0.05$ ). The immunogenic cell death-related genes CALR, HSP90, and HSP70 had dramatically enhanced mRNA and protein expression levels after therapy with a combination of LNT and Oxa ( $P<0.05$ ). Conclusion. These data imply that LNT increases the susceptibility of esophageal cancerous cells to Oxa by driving EC-109 cells to display immunogenic death. Therefore, LNT combined with Oxa may be an effective method in esophageal cancer management.