Therapeutic Implications of Some Natural Products for Neuroimmune Diseases: A Narrative of Clinical Studies Review

Abstract

Neuroimmune diseases are a group of disorders that occur due to the dysregulation of both the nervous and immune systems, and these illnesses impact tens of millions of people worldwide. However, patients who suffer from these debilitating conditions have very few FDA-approved treatment options. Neuroimmune crosstalk is important for controlling the immune system both centrally and peripherally to maintain tissue homeostasis. This review aims to provide readers with information on how natural products modulate neuroimmune crosstalk and the therapeutic implications of natural products, including curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), ginkgo special extract, ashwagandha, Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, ginseng, and cannabis to mitigate the progression of neuroimmune diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and anxiety disorders. The majority of the natural products based clinical studies mentioned in this study have yielded positive results. To achieve the expected results from natural products based clinical studies, researchers should focus on enhancing bioavailability and determining the synergistic mechanisms of herbal compounds and extracts, which will lead to the discovery of more effective phytomedicines while averting the probable negative effects of natural product extracts. Therefore, future studies developing nutraceuticals to mitigate neuroimmune diseases that incorporate phytochemicals to produce synergistic effects must analyse efficacy, bioavailability, gut-brain axis function safety, chemical modifications, and encapsulation with nanoparticles.