Proposed Modification of the pN2 Classification of the 8th Edition AJCC Staging System for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Study Based on the Chinese Population

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of the nodal staging of the 8th edition AJCC staging system for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and propose a modification of the current pN2 classification. Methods. 1188 patients who underwent esophagectomy for ESCC at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center in Guangzhou (Guangdong, China) between January 2005 and June 2010 were reviewed. We used the X-tile software to determine the optimal cutoff points. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare the differences of survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed for the factors that were statistically significant in univariate analysis. Result. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, alcohol consumption, pT status, and pN status were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) according to the current pN classifications. And the observed 5-year OS rates for groups pN0, pN1, pN2, pN3 were 66.7%, 45.0%, 31.5%, and 21.5%, respectively (P<0.001). Based on the above results, the current pN2 classification was further subdivided as pN2a [3 metastatic lymph nodes (LNs)] and pN2b (4−6 metastatic LNs) groups. The 5-year OS rates for groups pN0, pN1, pN2a, pN2b, and pN3 were 66.7%, 45.0%, 37.7%, 26.3% and 21.5%, respectively (P<0.001). The rate of 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 60.0% for patients with pN0, compared with 36.8%, 29.3%, 20.8%, and 14.3% for those with pN1, pN2a, pN2b, and pN3, respectively (P<0.001).The current pN2 classification should be subdivided as pN2a (3 metastatic LNs) and pN2b (4–6 metastatic LNs) groups. The modified pN2 classification could better discriminate the survival differences between patients with 3–6 metastatic LNs for ESCC in the Chinese population.