Diagnostic Value of Endoscopic Narrow-Band Imaging Technique in Early Gastric Cancer and Precancerous Lesions

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic narrow-band imaging technique in early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. Methods. A total of 100 patients with recurrent upper gastrointestinal symptoms in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 were selected and divided into group A and group B according to the random number table method, with 50 cases in each group. Group A received white light endoscopy, and group B received narrow-band imaging technology combined with endoscopy. Narrow-band imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy was used to stain the area with suspicious mucosal lesions with indigo carmine and magnified observation. Results. The endoscopic image clarity of group B was significantly better than that of group A in terms of lesion outline, gastric pit, and microvascular morphology ( $P<0.05$ ). There were 10 cases of early gastric cancer, 18 cases of benign lesions, and 9 cases of gastric cancer (nonearly stage); 17 cases of precancerous lesions, 12 cases of early gastric cancer, 13 cases of benign lesions, and 6 cases of gastric cancer (nonearly stage) were diagnosed by ordinary white light endoscopy. Pathological results confirmed that among the 50 patients in group B, there were 15 cases of precancerous lesions, 11 cases of early gastric cancer, 17 cases of benign lesions, and 7 cases of gastric cancer (nonearly stage). Among the 50 patients in group A, 16 were precancerous lesions, 11 were early gastric cancer, 15 were benign lesions, and 8 were gastric cancer (non early stage). In the diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer, the diagnostic consistency, sensitivity, and specificity of group B were better than those of group A ( $P<0.05$ ); NBI combined with endoscopy in the diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer ( $\text{kappa}=0.860$ , $\text{kappa}=0.883$ ) was more consistent with pathological diagnosis than common white light endoscopy ( $\text{kappa}=0.433$ , $\text{kappa}=0.535$ ). Conclusion. The value of narrow-band imaging technology combined with endoscopy in the diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer is better than that of ordinary white light endoscopy, and it can be widely used in clinical practice.