Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the nerve and artery supply and the tibial attachment of the popliteus muscle using anatomical methods. Methods. Forty-four nonembalmed and embalmed extremities were dissected for this study. To measure the attachment area of the popliteus, the most prominent points of the medial epicondyle of the femur and the medial malleolus of the tibia were identified before dissection. A line connecting these two prominent points was used as the reference line, with the most prominent point of the medial epicondyle of the femur as the starting point. This study also investigated the area where the popliteus attaches to the bone and the points where nerves and arteries enter the popliteus muscle when it is divided into three equal parts in the coronal plane. Results. The mean length of the reference line was $34.6\pm 2.1\text{cm}$ . The origin of the popliteus was found to be at a distance of 16.6% to 35.2% on the tibial bone from the proximal region. The popliteus was innervated by only the tibial nerve in 90% of the cases and by the tibial and the sciatic nerves in the remaining 10% of the cases. The inferior medial genicular artery and the posterior tibial artery supplied blood to the popliteus in 90% and 65% of the cases, respectively. When the popliteus muscle was divided into three equal parts in the coronal plane, the nerve and the artery were found to enter the muscle belly in zones II and III and zones I and II in 92% and 98% of the specimens, respectively. Discussion. The anatomical investigation of the popliteus in this study will help identify patients with clinically relevant syndromes.