A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Receiving the Flu Vaccine with Acute Cerebrovascular Accident and Its Hospitalization in the Elderly

Abstract

Background and Aims. In recent years, various studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with acute cerebrovascular accident or stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly; however, the results of these studies are contradictory. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly. Methods. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly during the years 1980 to 2021 which have been published in ISI Web of Science, Scopus PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Embase. All analyses were performed by Stata 15, and the significance level in this study was considered <0.05. Results. In the systematic search, 3088 articles were retrieved, considering the study criteria; finally, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of occurrence and hospitalization of stroke compared to the nonvaccinated group in vaccine recipients is equal to 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.90, $P$ value ≤ 0.001). Publication bias was not observed in this study ( $P$ value = 0.101). Conclusion. Getting the flu vaccine can reduce the risk of occurrence and hospitalization of stroke in the elderly by 16% (10%-22%). Therefore, receiving this vaccine as a preventive intervention for stroke in the elderly may be promising.