1. Division of Orthodontics, Dental Services Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3. College of Dentistry King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong