Abstract
BackgroundThere are limited data regarding the relationship between interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the natural course of COVID-19. In this study, we investigate whether patients with ILD are more susceptible to COVID-19 than those without ILD and evaluate the impact of ILD on disease severity in patients with COVID-19.MethodsA nationwide cohort of patients with COVID-19 (n=8070) and a 1:15 age-, sex- and residential area-matched cohort (n=121 050) were constructed between 1 January 2020 and 30 May 2020 in Korea. We performed a nested case–control study to compare the proportions of patients with ILD between the COVID-19 cohort and the matched cohort. Using the COVID-19 cohort, we also evaluated the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with ILD versus those without ILD.ResultsThe proportion of patients with ILD was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cohort than in the matched cohort (0.8% versus 0.4%; p<0.001). The odds of having ILD was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cohort than in the matched cohort (adjusted OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.54–2.61). Among patients in the COVID-19 cohort, patients with ILD were more likely to have severe COVID-19 than patients without ILD (47.8% versus 12.6%), including mortality (13.4% versus 2.8%) (all p<0.001). The risk of severe COVID-19 was significantly higher in patients with ILD than in those without ILD (adjusted OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.24–4.01).ConclusionThe risks of COVID-19 and severe presentation were significantly higher in patients with ILD than in those without ILD.
Funder
Korea Health Industry Development Institute
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea
Publisher
European Respiratory Society (ERS)
Subject
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Cited by
72 articles.
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