Isocyanide-based Multicomponent Reactions (IMCRs) in Water or Aqueous Biphasic Systems

Abstract

Background: Isocyanide is an intriguing one-carbon synthon that is frequently employed in a variety of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) are effective synthetic tools in organic synthesis for the prepa-ration of complex heterocyclic molecules. The IMCRs in water have become an attractive research direction, enabling simultaneous growth of both IMCRs and green solvents towards ideal organic synthesis. Objective: The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of IMCRs in water or biphasic aqueous systems for accessing various organic molecules, as well as an examination of their bene-fits and mechanistic insights. Conclusion: High atom economies, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and catalyst-free process-es are crucial features of these IMCRs in water or biphasic aqueous systems.