Anti-Cancer Role of Dendrosomal Nano Solanine in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Line through Attenuation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Inhibition of hTERT Expression

Abstract

Background: Solanine was primarily known as a toxic compound. Nonetheless, recently the apoptotic role of solanine through suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has been shown against many malignancies except chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Sustaining the aforementioned pro-survival pathway, BCR-ABL fused oncoprotein in CML activates NF-kB and c- MYC for apparent immortalizing factor hTERT. Since solanine is a poor water-soluble molecule, herein, a nanocarrier was employed to intensify its pernicious effect on cancerous cells. Objective: The current research aimed at evaluating the effect of dendrosomal nano solanine (DNS) on leukemic and HUVEC cells. Methods: DNS characterization was determined by NMR, DLS and TEM. The viability, apoptosis and cell cycle of DNS and imatinib-treated cells were determined. A quantitative real-time PCR was employed to measure the expression of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, S6K, NF-kB, c-MYC and hTERT mRNAs. The Protein levels were evaluated by western blot. Results: Investigating the anticancer property of free and dendrosomal nano solanine (DNS) and the feasible interplaying between DNS and imatinib on leukemic cells, we figured out the potential inhibitory role of DNS and DNS+IM on cancerous cells in comparison with chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, results revealed that the encapsulated form of solanine was much more preventive on the expression of PI3KCA, mTOR, NF-kB, c-MYC and hTERT accompanied by the dephosphorelating AKT protein. Conclusion: The results advocate the hypothesis that DNS, rather than solanine, probably due to impressive penetration, can restrain the principal pro-survival signaling pathway in erythroleukemia K562 and the HL60 cell lines and subsequently declined mRNA level of hTERT which causes drug resistance during long-term treatment. Additionally, combinational treatment of DNS and IM could also bestow an additive anti-leukemic effect. As further clinical studies are necessary to validate DNS efficacy on CML patients, DNS could have the potency to be considered as a new therapeutic agent even in combination with IM.