Affiliation:
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
2. Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India
3. College of
Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, 130, Oman
Abstract
Background:
Xanthones, natural or synthetic, due to their wide range of biological activities,
have become an interesting subject of investigation for many researchers. Xanthonic scaffold
has proven to have a vital role in anticancer drug development since many of its derivatives have
shown anticancer activities on various cell lines. In addition, targeting epigenetic markers in cancer
has yielded promising results. There have also been reports on the impact of xanthone and related
polyphenolic compounds on epigenetics markers in cancer prevention and therapy.
Objective:
The objective of this review is to comprehensively highlight the main natural and nonnatural
sources of xanthones having potential anti-cancer effects along with their key structural elements,
structure-activity relationships (SARs), mechanisms of action, and epigenetic profile of xanthone-
based anti-cancer compounds. The challenges and future directions of xanthone-based therapies
are also discussed briefly.
Method:
The methods involved in the preparation of the present review included the collection of all
recent information up to November 2021 from various scientific databases, indexed periodicals, and
search engines such as Medline Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science,
and Science Direct.
Results:
Exploration of the diversity of the xanthone scaffold led to the identification of several derivatives
having prominent anti-cancer activity. Their unique structural diversity and synthetic modifications
showed the ongoing endeavour of enriching the chemical diversity of the xanthone molecular
framework to discover pharmacologically interesting compounds. However, studies regarding
their modes of action, pharmacokinetic properties, clinical data, epigenetics, and safety are limited.
Conclusion:
Elucidation of the exact biological mechanisms and the associated targets of xanthones
will yield better opportunities for these compounds to be developed as potential anticancer drugs.
Further clinical studies with conclusive results are required to implement xanthones as treatment
modalities in cancer.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Cited by
2 articles.
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