Graphene Quantum Dots in Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors

Abstract

Background: Graphene and its derivatives, as most promising carbonic nanomaterials have been widely used in design and making electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Graphene quantum dots are one of the members of this family which have been mostly known as fluorescent nanomaterials and found extensive applications due to their remarkable optical properties. Quantum confinement and edge effects in their structures also cause extraordinary electrochemical properties. Objective: Recently, graphene quantum dots besides graphene oxides and reduced graphene oxides have been applied for modification of the electrodes too and exposed notable effects in electrochemical responses. Here, we are going to consider these significant effects through reviewing some of the recent published works.