Affiliation:
1. Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
2. Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United State
3. Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
Abstract
Background:
Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in young children and a public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of atypical and fast progressive caries lesions. The aggressive form of ECC, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), can lead to destruction of the whole crown of most of the deciduous teeth and cause pain and sepsis, affecting the child's quality of life. Although the multifactorial etiology of ECC is known, including social, environmental, behavioral, and genetic determinants, there is a consensus that this disease is driven by an imbalance between the oral microbiome and host, or dysbiosis, mediated by high sugar consumption and poor oral hygiene. Knowledge of the microbiome in healthy and caries status is crucial for risk monitoring, prevention, and development of therapies to revert dysbiosis and restore oral health. Molecular biology tools including next-generation sequencing methods and proteomic approaches have led to the discovery of new species and microbial biomarkers that could reveal potential risk profiles for the development of ECC and new targets for anti-caries therapies. This narrative review summarized some general aspects of ECC, such as definition, epidemiology, and etiology, the influence of oral microbiota in the development and progression of ECC based on the current evidence from genomics, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies and the effect of antimicrobial intervention on oral microbiota associated with ECC.
Conclusion:
The evaluation of genetic and proteomic markers represents a promising approach to predict the risk of ECC before its clinical manifestation and from there to plan efficient therapeutic interventions for ECC in its initial stages, avoiding irreversible dental cavitation.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Cited by
1 articles.
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