Affiliation:
1. First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,
72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
Abstract
Abstract:
Existing literature provides extended evidence of the close relationship between stress
dysregulation, environmental insults, and psychosis onset. Early stress can sensitize genetically vulnerable
individuals to future stress, modifying their risk for developing psychotic phenomena. Neurobiological
substrate of the aberrant stress response to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation,
disrupted inflammation processes, oxidative stress increase, gut dysbiosis, and altered brain signaling,
provides mechanistic links between environmental risk factors and the development of psychotic
symptoms. Early-life and later-life exposures may act directly, accumulatively, and repeatedly
during critical neurodevelopmental time windows. Environmental hazards, such as pre- and perinatal
complications, traumatic experiences, psychosocial stressors, and cannabis use might negatively intervene
with brain developmental trajectories and disturb the balance of important stress systems, which
act together with recent life events to push the individual over the threshold for the manifestation of
psychosis. The current review presents the dynamic and complex relationship between stress, environment,
and psychosis onset, attempting to provide an insight into potentially modifiable factors, enhancing
resilience and possibly influencing individual psychosis liability.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Psychiatry and Mental health,Neurology (clinical),Neurology,Pharmacology,General Medicine
Cited by
1 articles.
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