Smoking, Symptoms Improvement, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Drug-naive First-episode Schizophrenia: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author:

Gao Zhiyong1,Xiu Meihong2,Liu Jiahong1,Wu Fengchun3,Zhang Xiangyang3

Affiliation:

1. The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, China

2. Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China

3. Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China

Abstract

Background: It has been hypothesized that smoking is associated with the severity of negative symptoms. Until now, no studies have investigated whether the impact of smoking on negative symptoms is dependent on antioxidants. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of smoking on therapeutic response and total antioxidants capacity (TAOC) in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode (ANFE) patients. Methods: : The severity of the patient’s symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A total of 237 ANFE patients were recruited and treated with risperidone (oral tablets, 4-6 mg/day twice a day) for 12 weeks. PANSS was assessed at baseline and a 12-week follow-up. Plasma TAOC levels were also assayed at baseline and week 12. Results: Relative to nonsmokers with ANFE SZ, smokers had higher PANSS negative subscores. There was no significant difference in TAOC changes after 12 weeks of treatment with risperidone between smokers and non-smokers. However, we found greater improvement in negative symptoms in smokers compared to non-smokers. Further analysis in smokers with SZ demonstrated that improvements in negative symptoms were not associated with changes in TAOC. Conclusion: Our study suggested that smoking affected the severity of baseline negative symptoms and further contributed to their reduction after risperidone treatment. However, improvement in negative symptoms was not dependent on the changes in TAOC.

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Psychiatry and Mental health,Neurology (clinical),Neurology,Pharmacology,General Medicine

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