Affiliation:
1. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Área Hematología, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Universidad de Buenos
Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF Buenos Aires, Argentina
2. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y
Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Abstract
Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of growing interest
given that there is cognitive damage and symptom onset acceleration. Therefore, it is important to find AD
biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease progression, and discrimination of AD and other diseases.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to update the relevance of mass spectrometry for the identification of
peptides and proteins involved in AD useful as discriminating biomarkers.
Methods:
Proteomics and peptidomics technologies that show the highest possible specificity and selectivity for
AD biomarkers are analyzed, together with the biological fluids used. In addition to positron emission tomography
and magnetic resonance imaging, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is widely used to identify proteins and
peptides involved in AD. The use of protein chips in SELDI technology and electroblotting chips for peptides
makes feasible small amounts (μL) of samples for analysis.
Results:
Suitable biomarkers are related to AD pathology, such as intracellular neurofibrillary tangles; extraneuronal
senile plaques; neuronal and axonal degeneration; inflammation and oxidative stress. Recently, peptides
were added to the candidate list, which are not amyloid-β or tau fragments, but are related to coagulation,
brain plasticity, and complement/neuroinflammation systems involving the neurovascular unit.
Conclusion:
The progress made in the application of mass spectrometry and recent chip techniques is promising
for discriminating between AD, mild cognitive impairment, and matched healthy controls. The application
of this technique to blood samples from patients with AD has shown to be less invasive and fast enough to determine
the diagnosis, stage of the disease, prognosis, and follow-up of the therapeutic response.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Drug Discovery,Pharmacology
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