Affiliation:
1. Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
2. Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a predominant cause of death worldwide. The loss or death of cardiomyocytes
due to restricted blood flow often results in a cardiac injury. Myofibroblasts replace these injured cardiomyocytes
to preserve structural integrity. However, the depleted cardiomyocytes lead to cardiac dysfunction such
as pathological cardiac dilation, reduced cardiac contraction, and fibrosis. Repair and regeneration of myocardium
are the best possible therapy for end-stage heart failure patients because the current cardiomyocytes restoration
therapies are limited to heart transplantation only. The emergence of interests to directly reprogram a mammalian
heart with minimal regenerative capacity holds a promising future in the field of cardiovascular regenerative
medicine. Repair and regeneration become the two crucial factors in the field of cardiovascular regenerative
medicine since heart muscles have no substitutes, like heart valves or blood vessels. Cardiac regeneration includes
strategies to reprogram with diverse factors like small molecules, genetic and epigenetic regulators. However,
there are some constraints like low efficacy, immunogenic problems, and unsafe delivery systems that pose
a daunting challenge in human trial translations. Hence, there is a need for a holistic nanoscale approach in regulating
cell fate effectively and efficiently with a safer delivery and a suitable microenvironment that mimics the
extracellular matrix. In this review, we have discussed the current state-of-the-art techniques, challenges in direct
reprogramming of fibroblasts to cardiac muscle, and prospects of biomaterials in miRNA delivery and cardiac
regeneration predominantly during the past decade (2008-2019).
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Drug Discovery,Pharmacology
Cited by
4 articles.
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