Astaxanthin as an Anticancer Agent against Breast Cancer: An In Vivo and In Vitro Investigation

Author:

Shokrian Zeini Maryam1,Pakravesh Seyyed Mohammad2,Jalili Kolour Seyed Mostafa3,Soghala Shahrad4,Dabbagh Ohadi Mohammad Amin5,Ghanbar Ali Akhavan Haniyeh6,Sayyahi Zeinab7,Mahya Lena8,Jahani Saleheh8,Shojaei Baghini Sadegh9,Farkhondeh Tahereh10,Kabiri Mahboubeh11,Samarghandian Saeed12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States

2. Department of Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3. Cellular and Molecular Biology master student, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Italy

4. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

5. Students'Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

6. School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

7. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

8. Coenzyme R Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

9. Plant Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran

10. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

11. Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

12. Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran

Abstract

Aim:: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties, cytotoxic activity, and apoptotic effects of astaxanthin (ASX) on genes and pathways involved in breast cancer in Balb/c mice models injected with the 4T1 cell line. Background: ASX could inhibit some tumor progression by using in vivo and in vitro models. Objective: The effect of ASX on breast cancer was not fully understood till now. Method:: In an in vivo model, 4T1 cells-injected mice were administered with different concentrations of ASX (100 and 200 mg/kg), and histopathological evaluations were done using an optical microscope and the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The real- time PCR investigated the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Caspase 3 genes in mice treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg ASX. Also, the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined in ASX-treated cancer mice. Results:: ASX (200 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in the mitotic cell count of tumor tissues compared to ASX (100 mg/kg). The antiproliferative effects of different concentrations of ASX were shown based on the MTT results. The treatment of breast tumor mice with both concentrations of ASX, especially 200 mg/kg, elevated the expression of Caspase 3, Bax, and SOD enzyme levels and decreased Bcl-2 expression and MDA enzyme levels. Conclusion:: ASX can be considered a promising alternative treatment for breast cancer.

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

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