Lithium in Drinking Water and its Potential Impact on Mental Health: A Review

Abstract

This review explores the relationship between lithium in drinking water and mental health, a subject that has garnered increasing attention in investigations. Lithium, a metal with a well-established role in psychiatric medications, is found in trace amounts in drinking water, and studies suggest its potential correlations with lower rates of suicide and certain psychiatric disorders. However, these correlations do not imply causation, necessitating an examination of the underlying mechanisms. Lithium concentrations in drinking water vary globally, presenting challenges in establishing a universal threshold for “high” or “low” levels. Additionally, the optimal dosage for potential mental health benefits remains uncertain. Lithium is not considered an essential nutrient, and supplementation should be approached with caution due to possible toxicity risks, emphasizing the importance of medical supervision. The lack of causation and ongoing need for further investigation underscores the importance of cautious interpretation and transparent communication in navigating this evolving field.