The Fractal Viewpoint of Tumors and Nanoparticles

Author:

Alexiou Athanasios12,Tsagkaris Christos13,Chatzichronis Stylianos1,Koulouris Andreas45,Haranas Ioannis6,Gkigkitzis Ioannis7,Zouganelis Georgios8,Mukerjee Nobendu19,Maitra Swastika10,Jha Niraj Kumar111213,Batiha Gaber El-Saber14,Kamal Mohammad Amjad15161718,Nikolaou Michail19,Ashraf Ghulam Md2021

Affiliation:

1. Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia

2. AFNP Med, 1030 Wien, Austria

3. European Student Think Tank, Public Health and Policy Working Group, 1058, Amsterdam, Netherlands

4. Thoracic Oncology Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden

5. Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece

6. Department of Physics and Computer Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L-3C5, Canada

7. NOVA Department of Mathematics, 8333 Little River Turnpike, Annandale, VA 22003 USA

8. Human Sciences Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, East Midlands, DE22 1GB England, UK

9. Department of Microbiology; Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Akhil Mukherjee Rd, Chowdhary Para, Rahara, Khardaha, West Bengal, Kolkata- 700118, India

10. Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India

11. Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India

12. Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India

13. Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India

14. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt

15. Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

16. King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

17. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

18. Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia

19. 1st Oncology Department, “Saint Savas” Anticancer, Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece

20. Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

21. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Abstract: Even though the promising therapies against cancer are rapidly improved, the oncology patients population has seen exponential growth, placing cancer in 5th place among the ten deadliest diseases. Efficient drug delivery systems must overcome multiple barriers and maximize drug delivery to the target tumors, limiting the side effects simultaneously. Since the first observation of the quantum tunneling phenomenon, many multidisciplinary studies have offered quantum-inspired solutions to optimized tumor mapping and efficient nanodrug design. The property of a wave function to propagate through a potential barrier offer the capability of obtaining 3D surface profiles using imaging of individual atoms on the surface of a material. The application of quantum tunneling on a scanning tunneling microscope offers an exact surface roughness mapping of tumors and pharmaceutical particles. Critical elements to cancer nanotherapeutics apply the fractal theory and calculate the fractal dimension for efficient tumor surface imaging at the atomic level. This review study presents the latest biological approaches to cancer management based on fractal geometry.

Funder

Institutional Fund Projects

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Pharmacology,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Biochemistry,Organic Chemistry

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