Role of Flavonoids in Management of Various Biological Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence from Preclinical to Clinical Studies

Author:

Gupta Gaurav123,Alharbi Khalid Saad4,Javed Shaikh Mohammad Arshad5,Imam Syed Sarim6,Alshehri Sultan6,Ghoneim Mohammed M.7,Almalki Waleed Hassan8,Singh Sachin Kumar910,Kumar Deepak11,Kumar Avvaru Praveen12,Dua Kamal1013,Chellappan Dinesh Kumar14,Paudel Keshav Raj15

Affiliation:

1. School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India

2. Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India

3. Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India

4. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia

5. Department of Pharmacy, TPCT's College of Engineering, Osmanabad, Maharashtra, India

6. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

7. Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia

8. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

9. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

10. Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia

11. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan-173229, India

12. Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Po Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia

13. Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia

14. Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia

15. School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia

Abstract

Abstract: More than 10 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative neurological illness and the most prevalent form of dementia. AD's progression in memory loss, cognitive deterioration, and behavioral changes are all symptoms. Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42), the hyperphosphorylated forms of microtubule-associated tau protein, and other cellular and systemic alterations are all factors that contribute to cognitive decline in AD. Rather than delivering a possible cure, present therapy strategies focus on reducing disease symptoms. It has long been suggested that various naturally occurring small molecules (plant extract products and microbiological isolates, for example) could be beneficial in preventing or treating disease. Small compounds, such as flavonoids, have attracted much interest recently due to their potential to alleviate cellular stress. Flavonoids have been proven helpful in various ways, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-apoptotic agents, but their mechanism remains unknown. The flavonoid therapy of Alzheimer's disease focuses on this review, which includes a comprehensive literature analysis.

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Pharmacology,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Biochemistry,Organic Chemistry

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