Comprehensive Insights into Psoriasis: Pathophysiology, An Advanced Exploration of Current Landscape and Future Prospects in "Therapeutic Strategies"

Abstract

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 2% of the global population, is characterized by a complex interplay of immunological dysregulation, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors. This review explores the dynamic mechanisms underlying psoriasis, highlighting the role of T lymphocytes in targeting healthy skin cells, leading to inflammation and the formation of characteristic white scaly patches on various body parts. Over the past 15 years, significant strides in unraveling the origins of psoriasis have paved the way for the development of precise and highly effective treatments. Key insights into the pathogenesis, particularly the dominance of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-23 (IL-23), have shaped therapeutic strategies to mitigate chronic inflammatory disorders. Notably, various therapies employing different mechanisms of action, including interleukin blockers and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) inhibitors, have emerged as valuable options for psoriasis management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of psoriasis pathophysiology and highlights advanced therapeutic approaches that are widely accessible. The focus extends to emerging targeted drugs, such as netakimab, which functions as an interleukin-17 blocker, currently undergoing clinical trials for psoriasis treatment. By synthesizing the latest research findings, this article aims to contribute to the knowledge base surrounding psoriasis, offering clinicians and researchers valuable insights into the evolving landscape of psoriasis treatment modalities.