Various Carbonic Anhydrases in Physiopathological Events, Carbonic
Anhydrase Inhibitors, and Hybrid Compounds
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Published:2023-10
Issue:10
Volume:20
Page:1427-1436
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ISSN:1570-1808
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Container-title:Letters in Drug Design & Discovery
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language:en
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Short-container-title:LDDD
Affiliation:
1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
Abstract
Abstract:
Enzymes are highly specific catalysts that accelerate reactions in biological systems. Carbonic
anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in plants, microorganisms, and vertebrates. CA catalyses CO2 hydration/
dehydration. There are different families and isoenzymes of CAs. Fifteen α-CA isoenzymes have
been reported in humans. The status of CO2 hydration and dehydration is important for a variety of biological
processes. CAs play an important role in many physiological and pathological events in several
tissue types. Their levels are increased in some diseases; therefore, CA inhibition has been applied as a
therapeutic option. However, the high diversity of these isoenzymes is an important consideration. Isoenzyme-
specific CA inhibitors can reduce the side effects of treatment. Some agents containing additional
sulfonamides approved for other therapeutic applications, such as topiramate, celecoxib/valdecoxib, sulpiride,
and famotidine, have inhibitory effects on CA isoenzymes. These bind to the zinc ion in the CA
active site. Recently, research has been conducted on the use of a hybrid form of active ingredient and a
CA inhibitor. CA inhibitor-NSAID hybrid compounds demonstrated more efficacy than NSAIDs in arthritis,
which has attracted further attention of researchers in conducting research on CA-hybrid drugs.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science,Molecular Medicine