Diagnosis and Clinical Aspects of Lung Cancer: A Special Emphasis on Drug Targeting to Cancer Cells through Nanoparticles

Author:

Awasthi Rajendra1,Singh Anurag Kumar2,Mishra Gaurav3,Maurya Anand3,Dhiman Neerupma4,Kharkwal Harsha5,Sharma Bhupesh4,Jha Niraj Kumar6,Dureja Harish7,Dua Kamal8910,de Jesus Andreoli Pinto Terezinha11,Kulkarni Giriraj T.12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Bidholi, Via-Prem Nagar, Dehradun - 248 007, Uttarakhand, India

2. Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

3. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

4. Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India

5. Amity Institute of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India

6. Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India

7. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India

8. Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

9. Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia

10. Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

11. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua Professor Lineu Prestes, 05508-000, Brazil

12. Department of Pharmaceutics, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500090, Telangana, India

Abstract

Abstract: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The availability of successful anticancer agents in the market is limited, and the development process of a new drug molecule is slow and difficult. The currently available commercial formulations are not sufficient to produce the desired therapeutic response within a specific time limit. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel nanocarrier-based therapies to defeat the restrictions of existing therapeutics. Nanoparticles have been investigated as novel formulations but are often inefficient in practical applications. However, several unanswered questions and challenges exist in their clinical development; thus, a better understanding of their influence on cancer biology, stability, and toxicity needs to be gained. This review discusses different types of lung cancers as well as diagnostic approaches to lung cancer. The review also explores the drug targeting mechanisms to cancer cells through nanoparticles and multi-drug resistance-associated challenges in lung cancer therapy. Various nanocarrier systems that are safe and effective for drug delivery in the treatment of lung cancer have been discussed. This communication will be of high relevance to the biological, formulation, and translational scientists working in the field of cancer biology and drug delivery.

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science,Molecular Medicine

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