Revisiting the Mitochondrial Function and Communication in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Author:

Wankhede Nitu L.1,Kale Mayur B.1,Umare Mohit D.1,Lokhande Sanket1,Upaganlawar Aman B.2,Wal Pranay3,Taksande Brijesh G.1,Umekar Milind J.1,Khandige Prasanna Shama4,Singh Bhupendra56,Sadananda Vandana4,Ramniwas Seema7,Behl Tapan8

Affiliation:

1. Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India

2. SNJB’s Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandawad 423101, Maharashtra, India

3. Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, NH-19, Bhauti Road, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

4. Department of Conservative, Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India

5. School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India

6. Department of Pharmacy, S.N. Medical College, Agra, India

7. University Centre for Research and Development, University of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India

8. Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India

Abstract

Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders are distinguished by the progressive loss of anatomically or physiologically relevant neural systems. Atypical mitochondrial morphology and metabolic malfunction are found in many neurodegenerative disorders. Alteration in mitochondrial function can occur as a result of aberrant mitochondrial DNA, altered nuclear enzymes that interact with mitochondria actively or passively, or due to unexplained reasons. Mitochondria are intimately linked to the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ER-mitochondrial communication governs several of the physiological functions and procedures that are disrupted in neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous researchers have associated these disorders with ER-mitochondrial interaction disturbance. In addition, aberrant mitochondrial DNA mutation and increased ROS production resulting in ionic imbalance and leading to functional and structural alterations in the brain as well as cellular damage may have an essential role in disease progression via mitochondrial malfunction. In this review, we explored the evidence highlighting the role of mitochondrial alterations in neurodegenerative pathways in most serious ailments, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD).

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

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