Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemistry, Art & Science Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
2. Department of Biology, Art
& Science Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
Abstract
Abstract:
New ruthenium complexes bearing bipyridine ligands with different substituents (propyl,
hexyl, isobutyl, and benzyl) were synthesized and characterized by MS, NMR, FTIR, and UV/Visible
spectroscopy. Moreover, their cytotoxic, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-biofilm activities were evaluated.
The electrochemical properties of the complexes have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The
HOMO and LUMO energy levels of RuL1-RuL4 were found to be (-5.45 eV)-(-5.46 eV) and (-2.98
eV)-(-3.01 eV), respectively. Cytotoxic activities of ruthenium complexes were investigated in Caco-2,
HepG2, and HEK293 cells. It was found that RuL3 showed a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells without
affecting non-cancerous cells at applied doses. The presence of the benzyl group may increase the
cytotoxic effect of RuL3 compared to other derivatives that contain the alkyl group. The apoptotic effect
of the RuL3 derivative was determined by using Arthur image-based cytometer. It found that RuL3
induced apoptosis in Caco-2 (5-fold) and HepG2 (2-fold) cancer cells, respectively. All ruthenium
complexes inhibited Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 biofilm, but RuL3 had a more pronounced
effect. Moreover, RuL3 had biofilm inhibition and biofilm degradation effect, while RuL1 and RuL4
demonstrated only biofilm inhibition. The fluorescent microscopy analysis confirmed the antibiofilm
effect of ruthenium complexes. All of these results clearly showed that RuL3 showed cytotoxic and
apoptotic effects on cancer cells.
Funder
Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Unit
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Organic Chemistry,Biochemistry
Cited by
1 articles.
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