A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Salvia chloroleuca Rech. f. & Aellen

Abstract

Background: Salvia chloroleuca Rech. f. & Allen is an endemic or native perennial medicinal plant growing wildly in central, north, and northeast Iran. Objective: The aim of this research was to provide an overview of the chemical profile of Salvia chloroleuca, the principal chemical compounds, and their various biological activities and uses in traditional pharmacopoeia. Method: The literature search was done via specialized search databases (SciFinder, Scopus, Pub- Med, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Results: From the past to the present, people have consumed Salvia chloroleuca for carminative, antibacterial, antitumoral, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, antirheumatic, tonic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, immunoprotective, anticancer and neuroprotective properties. The principal ingredients of Salvia chloroleuca are salvigenin, luteolin, cirsiliol, daucosterol, and β-sitosterol, and these substances may be responsible for the herb's remedial properties. The bioactive components extracted from Salvia chloroleuca have promising prospects and make it possible to propose diverse solutions due to their excellent dissimilarity and bioactivity for such various usages. Conclutions: This study is a valuable resource for further research and improvement of the varied features of Salvia chloroleuca secondary metabolites. This study is a valuable source of information regarding an important native medicinal plant. It can be extended for new investigations in the fields of phytochemistry and pharmacology, with the purpose of searching for novel natural bioactive structures with therapeutic properties.