Low Frequency of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Despite Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Corticosteroids in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. It has been identified that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids can be essential risk factors for developing complications such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Objective: This study aimed to describe the safety profile of drugs used to treat RA focused in UGIB. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with RA between 2015 and 2021, a description of the population, and an evaluation of the relationship with UGIB through bivariate analysis and logistic regression. Results: Of 405 individuals, 16 presented UGIB (93.8% women, mean age was 65±13.6 years). No statistically significant differences were found regarding UGIB and medication use, except for the mean dose of corticosteroids. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that the presence of anemia in the last three months had an adjusted OR (AOR) of 16.1 (95% CI 2.74- 24.23) and higher HAQ values during the previous three months had an AOR of 6.17 (95% CI 1.79- 21.24). Conclusion:: This study found a low frequency of UGIB in patients with RA. More significant disability and anemia in the previous months were independently associated with UGIB. The low frequency of NSAID use in this population is noteworthy. In general, reasonable medication use related to this complication is recommended.