Exploring the Potential of Nanomolecular Therapeutic Therapy Options, and Novel Biomarkers in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Abstract: Approximately 1,70,000 of the 1 million cases of Breast Cancer (BC) identified every year globally are triple-negative. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) has different clinical and pathologic features. Because of its aggressive attitude, typically poor prognosis, and non-existence of targeted medicines, chemotherapy is the only treatment available, making it a clinical problem. This subgroup is responsible for 15% of all types of BC cases and a larger proportion of BC cases in African- American females. It can be treated with conventional therapy because there are no special treatment recommendations for this subtype; nonetheless, this therapy leaves patients with a high incidence of local and systemic recurrence. Clinically, they manifest as interval cancer in younger women and have a higher chance of recurrence in the first three years. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), VEGF, basal cytokeratins, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, p53, tyrosinase kinases, mTOR, heat and stress proteins, and TOP-2A are only a few of the biomarkers examined in research on TNBC. This study aims to concentrate on its characteristics, definition, and available treatments now and in the future. Additionally, we looked for angiogenesis, growth, and survival pathway blockade, as well as synthetic lethality. Moreover, nanomolecular therapeutic therapy options, the role of biomarkers, and various clinical trials are discussed briefly. The successful development of targeted therapy for TNBC is still limited because of its heterogeneity. In this article, we outline the present and potential treatment landscape for TNBC and discuss how a thorough knowledge of the ecosystem around TNBC could aid in categorizing risk levels and improving the likelihood of therapy personalization.