Heat Transfer between Tubes and a Fluid Flowing through Them with Varying Degrees of Turbulence Due to Entrance Conditions

Abstract

An electrically heated tube was arranged to give the local, as well as the average, heat transfer between the tube and water, for both normal and abnormal turbulent conditions. The range of the Reynolds number was from 5,000 to 17,000. The inlet-end thermal effect and the effect of abnormal turbulence were investigated, and the results obtained were correlated by dimensionless groups and compared with the data for air recently obtained by the local method. The hydraulic loss of head due to abnormal turbulence was measured and compared with the increase in heat transfer.