A cross-sectional analysis of the histopathologic structure of thyroid patients undergoing thyroid surgery

Abstract

Major health issues in the contemporary world, thyroid illnesses are distinguished by changes in hormone output, thyroid gland hypertrophy, or both. The purpose of this study was to identify thyroid histological patterns in people who had thyroid surgery. At Kathmandu University Hospital, a retrospective study was conducted over a two-year period, from January 10, 2021, to December 30, 2022. This study includes all 300 patients who underwent thyroid surgery. gender, age, residency, the outcome of a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and post-operative histological patterns were all taken into account. Patients who underwent FNA exclusively were ineligible.Participants' average ages ranged from 35.06 ± 15.19 years. Thyroid disorders were more frequently found in females (90%) than in males ( 10%). Nodular colloid goitre (65.1%), adenoma (5.8%), papillary thyroid neoplasms (25.4%), follicular thyroid carcinoma (6.8%), medullary thyroid carcinoma (8.5%), thyroiditis (9.3%), and anaplastic thyroid cancer (3.9%) were the histopathologic patterns. With a prevalence of 64 (23.1%), papillary thyroid cancer was the most prevalent type. The combined accuracy of the final histology and FNAB was 90.04%. However, 50% of follicular cancer preoperative diagnoses made by FNAB were insufficiently accurate. While FNAB specificity varied from 95.1% to 98.9%, FNAB sensitivity ranged from 75.8% to 90.8%. The most common thyroid condition is nodular colloid goitre, while papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common cancer seen in this study. We suggest more research with a bigger sample size to confirm our findings.