Physiological and metabolic aspects of adaptation to special physical loads of the organism of sports walkers

Abstract

Purpose: to evaluate the efficiency of the use of interval training loads by athletes specialising in race walking in different periods of training using biochemical and physiological indicators. Methodology. In solving the tasks of increasing the functionality of training of the organism of sports walkers, the progressive method of training, which is aimed at improving special endurance through the use of certain physical activities, is crucial, taking into account specific periods of training. Their rational use contributes to the growth of functional capabilities and metabolism, which ensures the growth of sports performance. According to the literature, interval training loads are one of the most effective ways to accelerate speed potential and special speed endurance in cyclic sports. The interval training method is characterised by the repeating of physical exercises in a strict sequence, where the intervals are planned in advance, and the speed of passing certain distance segments with a strictly regulated break - a rest interval - is also provided for. At the same time, the interval training method can be composed with little changes, where rest intervals can vary in time, and the length can be variable, increasing with each subsequent segment. The value of this method, according to the literature, is that it increases the heart's capacity almost twice as fast as by covering distances using the continuous method. Scientific novelty. In addition to the available scientific data, we proposed the effectiveness of the use of interval training loads in the preparatory and competitive period. Conclusions. The tasks of our researches were the analysis of efficiency of the use of interval training loads (2000m x7 times) and performance of tempo work of 10 km of specially-preparatory and competitive periods. It was established that the use of interval training, accompanied by the accumulation of lactate up to 12 mmol·l-1 in the blood and an increase in heart rate over 180 beats∙min -1, leads to an improvement in sports result, which indicates an improvement in the speed capabilities and high-speed endurance of athletes in the competitive period compared to the preparatory period. The used interval loads confirm the correct choice of the training load programme, which has shown its effectiveness in the competitive period of training in comparison with the preparatory period: it contributed to the improvement of test results, speed capabilities and high-speed endurance of athletes.